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Echinosteliales

Barbeyella minutissima Meyl. · Clastoderma debaryanum A.Blytt · Clastoderma pachypus Nann.-Bremek. · Echinostelium apitectum K.D. Whitney · Echinostelium arboreum H.W.Keller & T.E.Brooks · Echinostelium bisporum (Olive & Stoianovitch) Whitney & Olive · Echinostelium brooksii Whitney · Echinostelium coelocephalum H.W.Keller & T.E.Brooks · Echinostelium collicullosum K.D.Whitney & H.W.Keller · Echinostelium corynophorum K.D.Whitney · Echinostelium cribrarioides Alexop. · Echinostelium elachiston Alexop. · Echinostelium fragile Nann-Bremek. · Echinostelium ladoi Pando · Echinostelium lunatum L.S.Olive & Stoian. · Echinostelium minutum de Bary · Echinostelium paucifillum K.D.Whitney

 

Barbeyella Meyl., Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève 6: 89. 1914.

Typus. – Generitypus. -- Barbeyella minutissima Meyl., Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève 6: 89. 1914.

Generitypus specimen. --vide Barbeyella minutissima Meyl.

Barbeyella minutissima Meyl., Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève 6: 89. 1914.

Barbeyella minutissima Meyl. is the only species in the genus, and is characterized by a completely persistent peridium and its minute size (less than 1 mm high). Its affinity with Clastoderma is based, according to KOWALSKI & HINCHEE (1972), on the stalk structure (filled with granular material in its lower part), plasmodium type (protoplasmodium, and capillitial ends attached to the peridium.

Ind. Loc. –"[Switzerland] Chasseron, ad hepaticas: Lophozia longiflora, L. longidens, Blepharostoma trichophyllum. 1400 m., septembre 1913"

Typus. – In LAU. "On leafy liverworts growing over decayed wood, Deneriaz-Dressus, Le Chasseron, Canton Vaud, Switzerland, 1400m leg. Ch. Meyland" [holotypus; fide. Kowalski, 1975:466]

Clastoderma A. Blytt., Bot. Zeitung 38: 343. 1880.

-Orthotricha Wingate., J. Mycol. 2: 125. 1886.

-Wingina Kuntze., Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 875. 1891.

Typus. – Generitypus. -- Clastoderma debaryanum A. Blytt, Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 38: 343. 1880

Generitypus specimen. --N. d.

 

Clastoderma debaryanum A. Blytt., Bot. Zeitung 38: 343. 1880.

=Clastoderma debaryanum var. imperatoria Emoto., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 43: 169. 1929.

=Clastoderma dictyosporum T.N. Lakh. & Mukerji., Norweg. J. Bot. 23 (2): 110. 1976.

-Orthotricha microcephala Wingate., J. Mycol. 2: 125. 1886.

Wingina microcephala (Wingate) Kuntze., Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 875. 1891.

Ind. Loc. –"in polyporo emortuo, faciei inferiori gregarie insidens, in silva abiegna prope Fornebo Christianiae (Norbegiae) mense Septembri 1879"

 

Clastoderma pachypus Nann. -Bremek., Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch., C. 71: 44. 1968.

=Comatricha elegans var. microcarpa Meyl., Bull. Soc. Vaud. Sci. Nat. 58: 323. 1935.

Clastoderma microcarpum ["microcarpa" (Meyl.) Kowalski., Mycologia 67 (3): 475. 1975.

Typus. – In Nannenga-Bremekamp Coll. NENB 6768, obtained in moist chamber on moss growing on bark of Acer collected in the vicinity of Gèrardmer, Vosges, France, in October 1967

C. microcarpa (Meylan) Kowalski is sinonymiced to C. pachypus as it fits in the variation range of C. pachipus (cf. Lado & Pando, 1997). This was already suggested by Kowalski (1975).

Echinostelium de Bary., in Rost., Vers. Syst. Mycetozoen 7. 1873.

-Heimerleia Höhn., Ann. Mycol. 1: 391. 1903.

Typus. – Generitypus. --Echinostelium minutum de Bary in Rostaf., Sluzowce Monogr.: 215. 1874.

Generitypus specimen. --Vide E. minutum de Bary

is listed in modern monographs as synonym of Echinostelium. The original description (Höhnel, 1903) of this "totally hyaline" organism cites a thin peridium, full-length tapering columella, sporangial diam. of 70-120 µm, height of 120 µm, and no capillitiium. These characters are borne out in Höhnel's later illustration (fig. c. 1914). It is unlikely that the taxon is E. minutum, nor does it fit any of the other known species of Echinostelium. It may have referred to a mucor.

Echinostelium apitectum K.D. Whitney., Mycologia 72(5): 954.. 1980.

=Echinostelium vanderpoelii Nann. -Bremek., Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch., 94(3): 411. 1991.

Typus. – In BPI. K.D. Whitney 662, 0. 5 mi northeast of Eagle Lake Field Station, Lassen Co., California. On bark of Juniperus occidentalis Hook. in moist chamber [holotypus, WHITNEY, 1980: 954].

E. vanderpoelii was described to accommodate a number of specimens, found thorough the world, difficult to place into E. apitectum (KELLER & BROOKS, 1976: 1217; ELIASSON et al.. 1988: 381; PANDO, 1989: 183; NANNENGA-BREMEKAMP et al., 1991: 411). When the original descriptions of Echinostelium vanderpoelii and E. apitectum are compared, they overlap character by character (Pando, 1997).

Echinostelium arboreum H.W. Keller & T.E. Brooks., Mycologia 68(6): 1207. 1977.

Typus. – In BPI. H.W. Keller 1396, Mexico: Yucatan, at the archeological site known as Kabah, in a moist chamber on bark from an undentified, living boradleaf deciduous tree [Holotypus, Keller & Brooks, 1977: 1209].

 

Echinostelium bisporum (L. S. Olive & Stoian.) K.D. Whitney & L.S. Olive., in Whitney, Bennett & Olive, Mycologia 74(4): 680.. 1982.

Cavostelium bisporum L.S. Olive & Stoian., Mycologia 58: 440. 1966.

Typus. – In NY. L.S. Olive G-17 (Granada)

 

Echinostelium brooksii K.D. Whitney., Mycologia 72(5): 957.. 1980.

Typus. – In BPI. K.D. Whitney 654, California: Hwy 139, 11 mi n of Susanville, 16 Jul 1977, On bark of Juniperus occidentalis Hook. in moist chamber [holotypus, WHITNEY, 1980: 957]

The most reliable way to distinguish this species from E. corynophorum is by the spores. When they are not found in the specimen, the apical part of the stalk allows a reasonable identification yet. In E. brooksii the stalk narrowest section is located just under the collar, while in E. corynophorum this is located a few microns below, from where it widen towards the collar, which hardly protrudes from the stalk. Another feature of help is the typical pinkish color of this species when fresh. E. corynophorum is white in fresh.

Echinostelium coelocephalum Brooks & H.W. Keller., in H.W. Keller & Brooks, Mycologia 68(6): 1212. 1977.

Typus. – In BPI. T.E. Brooks 2688, Arkansas, Crawford Co., about two miles north of Ama along U.S. 71. on bark from a living tree of Juniperus virginiana, September 21, 1964 in moist chamber [holotypus, KELLER & BROOKS, 1977: 1214]

Specimens of this species may be difficult to differentiate from small sporocarps of E. colliculosum. However, thickened articular surfaces on spores and spore-like body show a net margin, are flat on their central part, and are relatively uniform in diameter. This is not the case with those of E. colliculosum, which show not very well-defined margin, and vary widely in diameter even within a spore or spore-like body

Echinostelium colliculosum K.D. Whitney & H.W. Keller., Mycologia 72(3): 641.. 1980.

Typus. – In BPI. K.D. Whitney 1132, 10 miles west of U.S. Hwy 95 on State Hwy 39, Clark Co., Nevada, 16 July 1979. On bark of Yuca brevifolia Engelm. in moist chamber. [holotypus, WHITNEY & KELLER, 1980: 641]

Sporocarps of E. apitectum with flattened columella and spore marks in areoles may be confused with those of E. colliculosum. A careful microscopic examination of spores allow to discern if the thickened sections of the spore wall are articular surfaces or merely clusters of warts

Echinostelium corynophorum K.D. Whitney., Mycologia 72(5): 963.. 1980.

Typus. – In BPI. K.D. Whitney 647, little Troxel point, Eagle Lake, Lassen Co., California, 14 Jul 1977. On bark of Juniperus occidentalis in moist chamber [holotypus, WHITNEY, 1980: 963]

See Observ. under E. brooksii.

Echinostelium cribrarioides Alexop., Amer. Midl. Naturalist 66: 391. 1961.

Typus. – In IA [on permanent loan in BPI]. (GR-14-1960) Developed in moist chamber culture on bark collected August 6, 1960 from living Populus sp. growing on Mt. Penteli near the monastery of Daou Penteli, north of Athens, Greece. [holotypus, ALEXOPOULOS, 1961: 391]

Although this species resemble E. minutum, the capillitium forming a network hardly with free ends, and the spores with prominent articular surfaces, make difficult to confuse it. Moreover, E. cribrarioides is much stouter than E. minutum.

Echinostelium elachiston Alexop., Mycologia 50: 52. 1958.

Typus. – In IA [on permanent loan in BPI]. (GR-194) developed in moist chamber culture on bark collected October 13, 1954 from living Platanus orientalis browing by the banks on the Peinios River in the vallley of Temple, Thessaly, Greece [holotypus, ALEXOPOULOS, 1958: 52]

This species is very close to a E. arboreum, from which can be told apart on the basis of its rudimentary capillitium.

Echinostelium fragile Nann. -Bremek., Acta Bot. Neerl. 10: 65. 1961.

Typus. – In Nannenga-Bremekamp Coll. NENB3868. Netherlands: province of Gelderland, "Hemelse Berg" near Oosterbeek-Laag; plasmodia on the bark of Aesculus; sporangia grown in moist-chamber culture [Holotypus, NANN. -BREMEK., 1958: 65]

E. fragile is rather common on barks in moist chamber culture. Although this species is virtually identical to E. brooksii in general appearance and spores, it can be distinguished readily on the columella shape, a very constant character for both species.

Echinostelium ladoi Pando, Mycotaxon 64: 343. 1997.

Typus. – In MA-Fungi 22593, coll 613 Pando. Spain, Murcia: Portman, Peña del Águila, 30SXG9064, 300 m, on bark of Tetraclinis articulata in moist chamber, 3-III-1988 [holotypus, PANDO, 1997: 343]

This species is similar in size to Echinostelium apitectum K.D. Whitney, E. brooksii K.D. Whitney and, E. paucifilum K.D. Whitney, and has spore-like bodies on top of stalks as E. apitectum, E.E. coelocephalum T.E. Brooks & H.W. Keller and E. colliculosum K.D. Whitney & H.W. Keller. However, E. ladoi is easily recognized by its spore articular surfaces, which are shaped as two crescents adjoined at the tips. This characteristic sets E. ladoi apart from other spore-like body bearing species, which show circular articular surfaces (cf. WHITNEY, 1980).

Echinostelium lunatum Olive & Stoian., Mycologia 63(5): 1051. 1971.

Typus. – In NY. L.S. Olive PR-24. A dried Petri dish culture of material isolated from from dead twigs and peduncules of a grapefruit tree from Arecibo, Puerto Rico, Jan 1970

 

Echinostelium minutum de Bary, in Rostaf., Sluzowce Monogr. 215. 1874.

-Heimerleia hyalina Höhn., Ann. Mycol. 1: 391. 1903.

In BPI. K.D. Whitney 465, Murrer's Upper Meadow, Lassen Co., California, 16 May 1977. On bark of Juniperus occidentalis [neotypus, WHITNEY, 1980: 972]

The original description (Höhnel, 1903) of this "totally hyaline" organism cites a thin peridium, full-length tapering columella, sporangial diam. of 70-120 µm, height of 120 µm, and no capillitiium. These characters are borne out in Höhnel's later illustration (fig. c. 1914). It is unlikely that the taxon is E. minutum, nor does it fit any of the other known species of Echinostelium. It may have referred to a mucor.

Echinostelium paucifilum K.D. Whitney, Mycologia 72(5): 974.. 1980.

In BPI. K.D. Whitney 657, State Hwy 139, 11 mi north of Susanville, Lassen Co., California, 16 Jul 1977. On bark of Juniperus occidentalis in moist chamber [holotypus, WHITNEY, 1980: 974]

 

Excluded taxa

Echinostelium roseum Ing, Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 48: 650. 1965.

In IMI, 112129, Acotland, Perthshire, B. Ing, On bark of Acer pseudoplatanus in moist chamber

A myxobacter (cf. Ing 1984)